The system in one sentence
Two athletes race standardized routes under an electronic start and timing system, protected by automatic belays, and stop their clocks by hitting finish pads at the top.
The standardized climbing problem
The route is fixed rather than newly set for every competition. That standardization allows athletes to rehearse beta, compare times across eligible events and pursue official records. See the Standardized Route guide for the physical layout.
The start
Athletes assume the required starting position and interact with the electronic start system. Reaction time can be measured, but current rules determine whether a start is valid. See False Starts and Start & Finish Pads.
The climb
The athlete accelerates through a known hold sequence. The fastest practical route depends on individual reach, coordination and power, so elite beta can differ even though the physical route is the same. Technique explains how starts, footwork and body path fit together.
The safety system
An automatic belay retracts line during the ascent and manages the descent. The competition and facility equipment system is safety-critical; installation and inspection belong to manufacturers and trained operators. See Auto Belays.
The finish and result
The run ends when the athlete activates the finish pad. Electronic timing establishes the official elapsed time. In qualification, time helps establish ranking or seeding; in elimination racing, the race result determines advancement under the applicable format.
Why records are possible
Speed has a formal record system because the route and measurement conditions are regulated. The Records & Performance Data Center tracks current, continental, Olympic and relay records with verification dates.